27 investor-owned utilities, Q1 2025 through Q3 2026. 25 put a megawatt figure on data center demand at least once, and 17 report signed data center contracts. 19 have reported Q3 2026 so far. Filings read through November 4, 2026.
What the numbers show
Data center contracts rose at 12 of 14 utilities that report them over time. None fell.
- FirstEnergy roughly doubled its signed contracts in a year, from 3.8+ GW to 7.88 GW. Xcel went from ~1 GW to ~2 GW, and Southern from 6 GW to 11+ GW.
- Pipelines run 2 to 10 times larger than signed contracts. Xcel reports 20 GW in its pipeline against ~2 GW signed. Southern reports 75+ GW against 11+ GW.
- Requests in Texas and Pennsylvania are still climbing every quarter. Oncor's data center queue grew from 156+ GW to ~282 GW in 18 months. PPL's advanced-stage requests rose from ~11 GW to 31.8 GW.
- 10 of 27 utilities do not report signed data center contracts. They include the four with the largest pipelines: Oncor Electric Delivery, Exelon, NextEra Energy and PSEG.
- At least eight utilities changed how they count during this period, among them PG&E, Duke, FirstEnergy, Evergy and Exelon. Compare each utility with itself, not with its neighbor.
Signed data center contracts by utility
| 7-quarter trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Electric Power | 84 GWQ3 2026Agreements through 2031. Includes non-data-center load. | First figure in this series | 190 GWQ3 2025load requests | |
| Dominion Energy | 12.2 GWQ3 2026Service agreements | +200 MW since Q2 2026 | ~54.9 GWQ3 2026all contract stages | |
| PPL Corp | 11+ GWQ2 2026Q3 2026 pendingService agreements, Pennsylvania | +1 GW since Q1 2026 | 31.8 GWQ2 2026advanced-stage requests | |
| Southern Company | 11+ GWQ1 2026Q3 2026 pendingContracted large load. Includes non-data-center load. | +1 GW since Q4 2025 | 75+ GWQ2 2026prospective pipeline | |
| FirstEnergy | 7.88 GWQ3 2026Contracts and service agreements | +1.52 GW since Q2 2026 | 19.07 GWQ3 2026long-term pipeline | |
| Duke Energy | ~7.8 GWQ2 2026Q3 2026 pendingService agreements | +200 MW since Q1 2026 | ~15.4 GWQ2 2026late-stage pipeline | |
| Pinnacle West | 5.8 GWQ3 2026Committed load. Includes non-data-center load. | +1.3 GW since Q2 2026 | ~20 GWQ3 2026uncommitted opportunity | |
| CenterPoint Energy | ~5 GWQ4 2025Firm commitments, Houston | First figure in this series | ~12 GWQ3 2026Batch Zero eligible | |
| NiSource | 3.9 GWQ3 2026Signed customer capacity | +800 MW since Q2 2026 | 9 GWQ3 2026pipeline by 2035 | |
| PG&E | 3.88 GWQ3 2026Signed, paid work agreements | None since Q2 2026 | 12.87 GWQ3 2026applications | |
| Alliant Energy | 3.4 GWQ3 2026Service agreements | None since Q2 2026 | 2 to 4 GWQ3 2026advanced discussions | |
| Ameren | 3.4 GWQ2 2026Q3 2026 pendingConstruction agreements, Missouri | None since Q1 2026 | 4 GWQ2 2026proposed projects | |
| Evergy | ~2.6 GWQ2 2026Q3 2026 pendingService agreements | +100 MW since Q1 2026 | 15+ GWQ4 2025total pipeline | |
| DTE Energy | 2.4 GWQ2 2026Q3 2026 pendingExecuted agreements | First figure in this series | 5 to 6 GWQ2 2026additional pipeline | |
| Xcel Energy | ~2 GWQ3 2026Contracted or under construction | None since Q2 2026 | 20 GWQ3 2026additional pipeline | |
| CMS Energy | 1+ GWQ2 2026One customer | None since Q1 2026 | ~9 GWQ2 2026all sectors | |
| Portland General Electric | 473 MWQ3 2026Executed, under construction | +43 MW since Q4 2025 | 1.3 GWQ3 2026requests | |
| Black Hills Corp. | Not reportedQ3 2026 pending1 known project in its territory | 3+ GWQ2 2026pipeline | ||
| Entergy | Not reported | 7 GWQ3 2025pipeline | ||
| Exelon | Not reported3 known projects in its territory | ~23 GWQ3 2026future pipeline | ||
| NextEra Energy | Not reported2 known projects in its territory | ~21 GWQ2 2026FPL large-load interest | ||
| Oncor Electric Delivery | Not reportedQ3 2026 pending1 known project in its territory | ~282 GWQ2 2026interconnection queue | ||
| PSEG | Not reported | ~11.8 GWQ4 2025inquiries | ||
| TXNM Energy | Not reported | Not reported | ||
| WEC Energy Group | Not reported2 known projects in its territory | 3.2+ GWQ3 2026forecast, named customers |
Quarter by quarter, utility by utility
Open a utility to see every figure it reported each quarter, each linked to the filing that printed it. "Not stated" means it filed results that quarter without that figure.
Alliant EnergySigned: 3.4 GWPipeline: 2 to 4 GW
Iowa, Wisconsin
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contracted data center demand (executed electric service agreements, peak demand) | ~2.1 GW | ~2.1 GW | 3 GW | ~3 GW | ~3.4 GW | ~3.4 GW | 3.4 GW |
| Active negotiations for additional load | Not stated | Not stated | ~2 to 4 GW | ~2 to 4 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Advanced discussions of large load prospects | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 2 to 4 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Executed electric service agreements.
AmerenSigned: 3.4 GWPipeline: 4 GW
Missouri, Illinois
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ameren Missouri construction agreements signed (data center developers) | 2.3 GW | ~2.3 GW | ~3 GW | 3.4 GW | 3.4 GW | 3.4 GW | Not yet reported |
| Ameren Missouri electric service agreements executed with large load customers | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 2.2 GW | 2.8 GW | 2.8 GW | Not yet reported |
| Ameren Illinois construction agreements with developers | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 850 MW | 850 MW | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Ameren Missouri proposed projects with completed interconnection studies | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 4 GW | Not yet reported |
Signed contracts figure: Ameren Missouri construction agreements with developers.
American Electric PowerSigned: 84 GWPipeline: 190 GW
Ohio, Texas, Indiana, Michigan, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New power demand expected by the end of the decade | 20+ GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Incremental load by 2030 backed by signed customer agreements (ESAs or letters of agreement) | Not stated | 24 GW | 28 GW | 56 GW | 63 GW | 69 GW | Not stated |
| Incremental contracted load by 2031 (fully executed ESAs or letters of agreement) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 84 GW |
| Load requests at various stages of development | Not stated | 190+ GW | 190 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| AEP Texas incremental load backed by signed letters of agreement, by 2030 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 36 GW | 41 GW | ~45 GW | Not stated |
| AEP Texas incremental load backed by executed letters of agreement, by 2031 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~49 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Signed agreements for load through 2031. Includes load from customers other than data centers.
AEP moved its contracted figure from load through 2030 to load through 2031 in the third quarter of 2026, so the two horizons are shown as separate rows.
Black Hills Corp. (Black Hills Energy, Wyoming Electric)Signed: not reportedPipeline: 3+ GW1 known project
Cheyenne, Wyoming; also South Dakota, Colorado and other Black Hills service areas
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data center demand included in five-year plan (existing customers Microsoft and Meta) | 500 MW | 500+ MW | 500 MW | 600+ MW | 600+ MW | 600 MW | Not yet reported |
| Data center pipeline (large-load requests, incl. under NDA) | 1+ GW | 1+ GW | 3+ GW | 3+ GW | 3+ GW | 3+ GW | Not yet reported |
| Prospective data center project with generation reservation agreement | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 1.8 GW | 1.8 GW | Not yet reported |
Known projects in its territory
Announced by developers, not reported by Black Hills Corp. An announcement is not a signed utility contract.
- 1.8 GW Google, with Tallgrass, Project Tembo, formerly Project Jade. The source names Black Hills Energy as the utility serving it.
CenterPoint Energy (Houston Electric)Signed: ~5 GWPipeline: ~12 GW
Greater Houston, Texas (ERCOT); also Indiana Electric
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houston Electric interconnection requests (all load types) | Not stated | Not stated | ~60 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center load firmly committed (signed study commitments, site control, materials/labor), expected energized by YE 2028 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~5 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center load under construction | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~2.5 GW | 3.5 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center load expected to be energized by year-end 2028 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~7.5 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center load expected to be energized by 2029 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 8 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| Firmly committed large industrial load at Houston Electric (all industries, includes data centers) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 12.2 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| Large load projects submitted through ERCOT Batch Zero | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 17+ GW | Not stated |
| Batch Zero large load expected to be eligible as base load or studied load | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 14+ GW | ~12 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Firm commitments for its Houston system, Q4 2025. Later figures include all industry.
Most CenterPoint figures are for its Houston system. Its Batch Zero figures are large loads submitted to the Texas grid operator, not all of them data centers.
CMS Energy (Consumers Energy)Signed: 1+ GWPipeline: ~9 GW
Lower Peninsula of Michigan
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic development load pipeline, all sectors (data centers, manufacturing, semiconductor) | 9 GW | ~9 GW | 9 GW | Not stated | ~9 GW | ~9 GW | Not stated |
| Large data center agreement (single new data center customer) | Not stated | 1 GW | 1 GW | 1+ GW | 1+ GW | 1+ GW | Not stated |
| Switch data center contracted load | ~230 MW | ~230 MW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
Signed contracts figure: One signed data center customer.
The economic development pipeline covers manufacturing and other industry as well as data centers.
Dominion Energy (Dominion Energy Virginia)Signed: 12.2 GWPipeline: ~54.9 GW
Virginia and northeastern North Carolina (Dominion Energy Virginia); South Carolina
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominion Energy Virginia data center contracted capacity (ESA + CLOA + engineering LOA) | Not stated | Not stated | ~47.1 GW | ~48.5 GW | ~51 GW | ~53.8 GW | ~54.9 GW |
| Data center contracted capacity under Electric Service Agreements (ESA) | Not stated | Not stated | 9.8 GW | 10.2 GW | 10.4 GW | 12 GW | 12.2 GW |
| Data center contracted capacity under Construction Letters of Authorization (CLOA) | Not stated | Not stated | 9 GW | 11 GW | 11.1 GW | 9.4 GW | 9.8 GW |
| Data center contracted capacity under Substation Engineering Letters of Authorization (SELOA; called ELOA in 2026Q3) | Not stated | Not stated | 28.2 GW | 27.4 GW | 29.5 GW | 32.4 GW | 32.8 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Electric service agreements. Dominion also reports ~54.9 GW including construction and engineering letters.
The total is the sum of three contract stages Dominion charts each quarter: electric service agreements, construction letters and engineering letters.
DTE Energy (DTE Electric)Signed: 2.4 GWPipeline: 5 to 6 GW
Southeast Michigan
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-binding agreements to serve data center load | ~2.1 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Executed data center agreement (Oracle, Saline Township) | Not stated | Not stated | ~1.4 GW | ~1.4 GW | 1.4 GW | 1.4 GW | Not yet reported |
| Executed data center agreement (Google, Van Buren Township) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 1 GW | 1 GW | Not yet reported |
| Executed data center agreements, total | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 2.4 GW | Not yet reported |
| Hyperscaler load in advanced discussions | Not stated | 3+ GW | ~3 GW | ~3 GW | ~2 GW | 2 GW | Not yet reported |
| Additional data center pipeline beyond executed agreements | Not stated | Not stated | 6+ GW | 6 GW | ~5 GW | 5 to 6 GW | Not yet reported |
Signed contracts figure: Executed data center agreements.
Duke EnergySigned: ~7.8 GWPipeline: ~15.4 GW
North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New letter agreements signed for data centers | ~1 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Data center Electric Service Agreements signed (select announced large load project ESAs, 2025 signings) | Not stated | Not stated | ~3 GW | ~4.5 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Total data center capacity secured under Electric Service Agreements (includes 2024 signings) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~7.6 GW | ~7.8 GW | Not yet reported |
| High-confidence, late-stage large load pipeline | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~15.4 GW | ~15.4 GW | Not yet reported |
| Data centers under construction | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~5 GW | ~5.2 GW | Not yet reported |
Signed contracts figure: Electric service agreements, including 2024 contracts.
Duke restated its contract figure in 2026 to include 2024 contracts, so the 2025 and 2026 figures are separate rows.
EntergySigned: not reportedPipeline: 7 GW
Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, New Orleans
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data center pipeline (potential data center customers) | Not stated | Not stated | 7 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
EvergySigned: ~2.6 GWPipeline: 15+ GW
Kansas, Missouri
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESAs signed with large load customers to serve data centers (projected peak steady-state load) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~1.9 GW | ~2.5 GW | ~2.6 GW | Not yet reported |
| Large customer pipeline (total) | ~12.2 GW | 15+ GW | ~15 GW | 15+ GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Tier 1 large load customer pipeline (Actively Building + Finalizing Agreements + Advanced Discussions) | Not stated | 4 to 6 GW | 4 to 6 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Large customer pipeline: Actively Building | 1.1 GW | ~1.1 GW | ~1.2 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Large customer pipeline: Finalizing Agreements | ~1.3 GW | ~1 to 1.5 GW | ~1.5 to 2 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Tier 1 Active Operations and Signed ESAs | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~2.4 GW | ~3 GW | ~3 GW | Not yet reported |
| Tier 1 Expansion Opportunities (existing customers with signed ESAs) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~1 to 1.5 GW | ~2 to 2.5 GW | Not yet reported |
| Large customer pipeline: Advanced Discussions | ~2.9 GW | ~2 to 3.5 GW | ~2 to 3 GW | ~2 to 3.5 GW | ~1.5 to 3 GW | ~1 to 2 GW | Not yet reported |
| Balance of pipeline / incremental pipeline not yet in active queue | ~7 GW | Not stated | 10+ GW | 10+ GW | 10+ GW | 10+ GW | Not yet reported |
Signed contracts figure: Electric service agreements.
Evergy reorganized its pipeline tiers twice in 2025. Each new tier is its own row.
Exelon (ComEd, PECO, BGE, Pepco, Delmarva, ACE)Signed: not reportedPipeline: ~23 GW3 known projects
Northern Illinois, Philadelphia region, Maryland, Washington DC, Delaware, southern New Jersey
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large load pipeline (data center and other large load projects in an official phase of engineering with deposits paid, not yet in service) | 17 GW | 17 GW | 19 GW | ~19 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center pipeline (committed data center projects, Phases 1-3, excluding other large load) | Not stated | Not stated | 18 GW | Not stated | ~18 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| High probability load (data center projects in advanced phases of design or backed by FERC-approved TSAs) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~11 GW | ~11 GW |
| Future pipeline (data center load within current or future cluster studies) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~25 GW | ~23 GW |
Exelon replaced its single pipeline figure with high-probability and future pipeline figures in the second quarter of 2026.
Known projects in its territory
Announced by developers, not reported by Exelon. An announcement is not a signed utility contract.
- 100 MW Aligned Data Centers, ORD1, Northlake. In ComEd's area on the federal utility territory map.
- 36 MW STACK Infrastructure, CHI02, Elk Grove Village. In ComEd's area on the federal utility territory map.
- 150 MW Security Land and Development LP, Proposed campus at 1500 Woodlawn Drive. In BGE's area on the federal utility territory map.
FirstEnergySigned: 7.88 GWPipeline: 19.07 GW
Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, West Virginia, Maryland
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active or contracted data center demand included in the 2025-2029 plan | 2.6 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Cumulative large load studies received since January 2024 (GW studied, not committed) | 80+ GW | 95+ GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Contracted data center demand, cumulative to 2029F (contract to construct facilities) | Not stated | ~2.69 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Long-term data center pipeline demand (large load connections requested with reasonable assumption of construction), cumulative to end of forecast horizon | Not stated | 11.13 GW | ~11.7 GW | 12.9 GW | 14.87 GW | 18.43 GW | 19.07 GW |
| Long-term contracted data center demand (contract to construct facilities and/or an electric service agreement), cumulative to end of forecast horizon | Not stated | Not stated | 3.8+ GW | 4.08 GW | 4.25 GW | 6.36 GW | 7.88 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Contracts to build facilities or service agreements.
FirstEnergy widened its contracted figure in the third quarter of 2025 to include service agreements and a longer horizon, so the earlier figure is a separate row.
NextEra Energy (Florida Power & Light; NextEra Energy Resources)Signed: not reportedPipeline: ~21 GW2 known projects
Florida (FPL); NextEra Energy Resources nationwide
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPL large-load interest (GW of interest from hyperscalers and other large customers) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~20 GW | ~21 GW | ~21 GW | Not stated |
| FPL large-load interest in advanced discussions | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~9 GW | ~12 GW | 12 GW | Not stated |
| FPL large-load expectation by 2032 (planning assumption) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 8 GW | 8 GW |
| NextEra Energy Resources backlog projects intended to serve technology and data center customers (generation) | Not stated | ~6 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| NextEra Energy Resources capacity serving technology and data center customers, operating plus expected backlog buildout (generation) | Not stated | 10.5+ GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| NextEra Energy Resources base-case goal of new generation for data center hubs / large load by 2035 ('15 by 35') | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 15 GW | 15 GW | 15 GW | Not stated |
| NextEra Energy Resources federal hub gas generation selected by U.S. Department of Commerce to serve large load (Texas and Pennsylvania) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 9.5 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| NextEra Energy Resources federal hub projects with signed definitive agreements (Texas and Pennsylvania) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~16.5 GW |
| NextEra Energy Resources data center hub origination channel, Federal Hubs plus Paducah Hub | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 20 GW |
FPL figures are customer demand in Florida. The NextEra Energy Resources rows are generation it plans to build for data centers, not utility load.
Known projects in its territory
Announced by developers, not reported by NextEra Energy. An announcement is not a signed utility contract.
- 16 MW Iron Mountain, MIA-1. In FPL's area on the federal utility territory map.
- 9.2 MW RadiusDC, Miami I expansion. In FPL's area on the federal utility territory map.
NiSource (NIPSCO)Signed: 3.9 GWPipeline: 9 GW
Northern Indiana
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signed data center customer capacity requirement | Not stated | Not stated | 2.4 GW | 2.4 GW | 3.1 GW | 3.1 GW | 3.9 GW |
| GenCo strategic negotiations (additional data center load) | Not stated | Not stated | 1 to 3 GW | 1 to 3 GW | 3 GW | 3 GW | 2 GW |
| Additional developing data center opportunities | Not stated | Not stated | 3 GW | 3 GW | 2 GW | 2 GW | 2 GW |
| Data center pipeline by 2035, including signed customer capacity | Not stated | Not stated | 9 GW | 9 GW | 9 GW | 9 GW | 9 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Signed data center customer capacity.
Oncor Electric DeliverySigned: not reportedPipeline: ~282 GW1 known project
North, Central and West Texas (ERCOT)
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data center load in Oncor's active large commercial and industrial (LC&I) transmission interconnection queue | 156+ GW | ~186 GW | 210+ GW | ~255 GW | ~271 GW | ~282 GW | Not yet reported |
| Large-load requests expected to be eligible for ERCOT Batch Zero on Oncor's system (base or studied load) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~44 GW | Not yet reported |
The queue counts requests for service, not signed contracts.
Known projects in its territory
Announced by developers, not reported by Oncor Electric Delivery. An announcement is not a signed utility contract.
- 220 MW STACK Infrastructure, Dallas campus. The source names an on-site Oncor substation.
PG&ESigned: 3.88 GWPipeline: 12.87 GW
Northern and Central California
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data center pipeline, total MW (applications for new data center load of 20 MW or more), original methodology | 8.7 GW | 10 GW | 9.6 GW | 7.25 GW | 5.39 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center pipeline: MW in Final Engineering, original methodology | 1.4 GW | 1.5 GW | 1.6 GW | 3.55 GW | 3.55 GW | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center pipeline, total MW (20 MW+ applications; Application & Preliminary Engineering stage requires the $500,000 Preliminary Engineering Study fee paid) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 12.71 GW | 12.87 GW |
| Data center pipeline: MW in Final Engineering (executed Work Performance Agreement with design and procurement payments begun) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 3.88 GW | 3.88 GW |
| New data center load energized since 2024 (MW) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 174 MW |
Signed contracts figure: Projects in final engineering with a signed, paid work agreement.
PG&E changed how it counts its pipeline in the second quarter of 2026. Projects now need a paid study fee to count, so the new series starts there and is not comparable with earlier quarters.
Pinnacle West (APS)Signed: 5.8 GWPipeline: ~20 GW
Arizona
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APS committed load (large customers incl. manufacturing and data centers, not data center only) | Not stated | Not stated | ~4.5 GW | ~4.5 GW | ~4.5 GW | ~4.5 GW | 5.8 GW |
| APS uncommitted load opportunity | Not stated | Not stated | ~20 GW | ~20 GW | ~20 GW | ~20 GW | ~20 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Committed load from all large customers. Includes load from customers other than data centers.
Both APS figures cover all large customers, including manufacturing, not only data centers.
Portland General ElectricSigned: 473 MWPipeline: 1.3 GW
Portland and Hillsboro, Oregon
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executed contracts with data center customers | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 430 MW | Not stated | Not stated | 473 MW |
| Additional 2026 executed data center contract, not yet under construction | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 420 MW |
| Additional incremental large load requests | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 1.7 GW | Not stated | Not stated | 1.3 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Executed contracts under construction, plus 420 MW signed and not yet built.
PPL CorpSigned: 11+ GWPipeline: 31.8 GW
Eastern and central Pennsylvania (PPL Electric); Kentucky (LG&E and KU)
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPL Electric data center requests in advanced stages (signed agreements with developers), Pennsylvania | ~11 GW | 14.4 GW | 20.5 GW | 25.2 GW | 28.3 GW | 31.8 GW | Not yet reported |
| PPL Electric data center load under signed Electric Service Agreements (ESAs), Pennsylvania | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~10 GW | 11+ GW | Not yet reported |
| PPL Electric data center load under construction, Pennsylvania | Not stated | Not stated | 5 GW | 5 GW | ~5 GW | 6.5+ GW | Not yet reported |
| Additional active data center requests, Pennsylvania (2026 to 2034) | 50+ GW | 50+ GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Data center requests / data center-related load in the LG&E and KU economic development queue, Kentucky | ~6 GW | ~6 GW | 8.7 GW | 8 GW | 11.9 GW | 11.6 GW | Not yet reported |
Signed contracts figure: Electric service agreements, Pennsylvania.
PSEG (PSE&G)Signed: not reportedPipeline: ~11.8 GW
New Jersey
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSE&G large load inquiries for new service connections (MW of capacity requested) | 6.4+ GW | 9.4+ GW | ~11.5 GW | ~11.8 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
PSEG reported large load inquiries through the end of 2025 and has not reported them since.
Southern Company (Georgia Power, Alabama Power, Mississippi Power)Signed: 11+ GWPipeline: 75+ GW
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contracted large load customers (system, per earnings deck) | 6 GW | 6 GW | 8 GW | 10 GW | 11+ GW | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Contracted large load customers, including agreements fully agreed with the customer and subject to regulator review (per earnings deck) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 17 GW | Not yet reported |
| Committed large load | 10 GW | 10 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| System large load pipeline (through the mid-2030s) | 50+ GW | 50+ GW | 50+ GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Prospective large load pipeline (early to mid-stage customers that have requested service) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 75+ GW | 75+ GW | 75+ GW | Not yet reported |
| Contracts since 2023 with new data centers and other large load customers, each over 100 MW, signed and/or reviewed by state regulators (SEC filing) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~9 GW | ~11 GW | Not stated | Not yet reported |
| Large Load Contracts since 2023 (each over 100 MW) reviewed by the applicable state PSC (SEC filing) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~11 GW | Not yet reported |
| Total Large Load Contracts since 2023, reviewed plus agreed and pending PSC review (SEC filing) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~16 GW | Not yet reported |
| Data center system load online | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 1.2+ GW | Not yet reported |
Signed contracts figure: Contracted large load. Its Q2 2026 deck shows 17 GW including contracts awaiting regulator review. Includes load from customers other than data centers.
Southern tightened its definition of contracted in 2026, adding a row that includes agreements awaiting regulator review.
TXNM Energy (PNM and TNMP)Signed: not reported
New Mexico (PNM); Texas (TNMP)
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNMP data center load in service | 670 MW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
WEC Energy GroupSigned: not reportedPipeline: 3.2+ GW2 known projects
Wisconsin, Michigan Upper Peninsula
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected load growth in the Milwaukee-to-Chicago corridor (Microsoft data centers), up to | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 2.6+ GW | 2.6+ GW | 2.6+ GW | 3.2+ GW |
| Vantage Data Centers Port Washington campus, forecast demand | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 1.3 GW | 1.3 GW | 1.3 GW | 1.3 GW |
| Forecast electric demand added over the five-year plan | Not stated | Not stated | ~3.4 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~4.9 GW |
The corridor and Port Washington figures are forecasts for named data center customers.
Known projects in its territory
Announced by developers, not reported by WEC Energy Group. An announcement is not a signed utility contract.
- 900 MW Microsoft, Mount Pleasant, the former Foxconn site in Racine County. The source names We Energies as the supplier.
- 1.3 GW Vantage Data Centers, Port Washington campus, Ozaukee County. In We Energies's area on the federal utility territory map.
Xcel EnergySigned: ~2 GWPipeline: 20 GW
Minnesota, Colorado, Texas/New Mexico, Wisconsin
| Figure | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 | Q4 2025 | Q1 2026 | Q2 2026 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data center load growth: total customer requests | ~8.9 GW | ~8.9 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center pipeline: contracted / under construction | Not stated | Not stated | ~1 GW | 2 GW | ~2 GW | ~2 GW | ~2 GW |
| Data center pipeline: high-probability pipeline | Not stated | Not stated | ~2 GW | ~4 GW | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Data center pipeline: contracted by year end 2027 (target) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | ~4 GW | ~4 GW | ~4 GW |
| Data center pipeline: additional pipeline | Not stated | Not stated | 20 GW | 20 GW | 20 GW | 20 GW | 20 GW |
Signed contracts figure: Contracted or under construction.
Xcel replaced its total customer requests figure with a three-tier data center pipeline in the third quarter of 2025.
IDACORP, OGE Energy filed results every quarter without putting a megawatt figure on data center demand.
How to read these numbers
A pipeline is not power anyone can buy. It counts customers asking a utility for service. Many of those requests are duplicates filed with several utilities at once, and many will never be built.
A contract is firmer. A signed electric service agreement usually commits the customer to pay for capacity, so a contracted figure moves slowly and rarely falls.
Each utility defines its own figure. One counts signed agreements, another counts every application above 20 MW, another counts load in the grid operator's queue. That is why this page never adds them up. Compare a utility with itself over time.
Where the numbers come from. Each quarter we read the earnings release, the investor presentation and the quarterly report each utility files with the SEC. Some utilities post their slides only on their own investor site, and in that case the link goes there. News coverage is never the source.
Pipeline figures describe demand for power, not data center space. A building can have power and still have no space to lease, and the reverse. Construction filings are tracked separately on the construction pipeline page.